DUALITY OF TIME:

Complex-Time Geometry and Perpetual Creation of Space

by Mohamed Haj Yousef

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3.9.5  Arrow of Time

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Although most physics laws are time-symmetrical, time itself is evidently one directional. There are many experimental observations with one arrow of time, such as the second law of Thermodynamics, or the fact that entropy always increases. The entropy of the Universe was very low in the past, and time correlates with the universal increase in entropy, from the past and to the future.

Moreover, in certain weak force decays, there are some interactions with clear Charge-Parity violations. Why this is not observed in other interactions. These CP violations do not seem to be related with the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

Furthermore, the collapse of wave-function is also irreversible, and this quantum arrow of time also seems to be independent from the thermodynamic arrow.

So are these arrows of time separate or how they are related? Are there exceptions to the principle of causality? Is there a single possible past? Is the present moment physically distinct from the past and future, or is it merely an emergent property of consciousness?

The concept of time is the most fundamental problem in physics and cosmology, and the current theories do not provide any detailed explanation of the the nature of time. For this reason, the Duality of Time Theory is the first to explain the real flow of time. In this theory, time is naturally one-directional, both in the normal level and on the inner dimensions where space and matter are perpetually being created in one linear chronological order.

The arrow of time will be expressed explicitly in the mathematical formulations in chapter V, although a reverse arrow of time will be also defined, and it will be shown how each two opposite time directions dynamically create one dimension of space, so in total we can conceive of seven levels of time: six inner levels for the three spatial dimensions, and one outer level for the normal time direction.

Moreover, because all the fundamental interactions are explained in terms of space-time geometry, and not only gravity, parity does not have any meaning for the weak interaction because it is one dimensional space, and the line does not have left or right sides, unlike the plane and volume where the other interactions are exhibited. This relation of the fundamental interactions with dimensionality can also solve the problem of hierarchy as we shall see in section 9.9.

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