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TIME CHEST:

Particle-Wave Duality: from Time Confinement to Space Transcendence

by Mohamed Haj Yousef



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3.3.3 The Two Arrows of Time


Discreteness implies interruption or discontinuity, and this is what the outer time is doing to the continuous flow of the inner time that is perpetually re-creating space and matter in one chronological sequence. Mathematically, this is achieved by multiplying with the imaginary unit, which produces an “abrupt rotation” by 90 degrees, creating a new dimension that is orthogonal on the previous level. Multiplying with the imaginary unit again causes time to become real again, i.e. like space. This means that each point of our 3D+1 space-time is the combination of seven dimensions of time, the first six are the real levels which make the three spatial dimensions, and the seventh is the imaginary level that is the outer time.

This outward (normal) level of time is interrupting and delaying the real flow of time, so it can not exceed it, because they both belong to one single existence that is flowing either in the inward levels to form the continuous (real) spatial dimensions, or in the outward level to form the imaginary discrete time, not the two together; otherwise they both would be real as we are normally deceived. As we introduced in the Duality of Time Postulate above, the reason for this deception is because we only observe the physical dimensions, i n the outer time, after they are created in the inner time, so we “imagine” them to be co-existing continuously, when in fact they are being sequentially re-created. It is not possible otherwise to obtain self-contained and granular space-time, whose geometry could be defined without any previous background topology.

However, it should be noted here that, unlike the case for normal complex (Euclidean) plane, the modulus of split-complex numbers is different from the norm, because it is not positive-definite, but it has a metric signature (1, -1). This means that, although our normal time is flowing only in one direction because it is interrupting the real flow of creation and can not exceed it, it is still possible to have the orthogonal state where the imaginary time is flowing at the speed of creation and the real part is interrupting it, from our perspective. In this case, the ground state of that vacuum would be (0, c), which describes anti-matter as we explained in Chapter II of Volume III, when we talked about super-symmetry and its breaking.

The reason why we are getting the negative signature (+, +, +, -) in our space is because we exist in the imaginary dimension, and that is why we need some “time extension” to perceive the dimensions of space, that is the real dimension. For example, we need at least three instances to imagine any simple segment; one for each side and one for the relation between them; so we need infinite time to conceive the details of all space. If we exist in the real dimensions of space we would conceive it all at once, as what happens in the event horizon of a black hole. So for us it appears as if time is real and space is imaginary, while the absolute reality is a reflection, and the actual Universe is the dynamic and relative combination of these two extreme states.

This essential property, that the outward time is effectively negative with respect to the real flow of time, will be inherited by the velocity, momentum and even energy; all of which will be similarly negative in relation to their real counter part. It is this fundamental property that will enable the derivation of the relativistic momentum-energy relation, the equivalence between inertial and gravitational masses, in addition to allowing energy and mass to become imaginary, negative and even multidimensional.Actually, the hyperbolic split-complex number (c, c) denotes a non-invertible null vector that describes the asymptotes, whose modulus equals zero, since both its real and imaginary parts are equal. At the same time, as a normal complex number, (c, c) describes an isotropic infinite and inert Euclidean space (without time), because its dimensions are continuous, or uninterrupted. The metaphysical entities of the Universe are sequentially oscillating between the two vacuum states (as Euclidean spaces or normal complex numbers): (c, 0) and (c, c), while collectively they appear to be evolving according to the physical (hyperbolic) space-time states (c, v), as split-complex numbers. Therefore, the vacuum state can be described either as the non-invertible vector (c, c) in the hyperbolic plane H, and that is equal to one absolute point from the time perspective (when we look at the World from outside), or an isotropic Euclidean space (c, 0) as normal complex numbers C, but with one lower dimension, and that is the space perspective (when we look from inside). Infinities and singularities occur when we confuse between these two extreme views; because if the observer is situated inside a spatial dimension it will appear to them continuous and infinite, while it forms only one discrete state in the encompassing outer time. Therefore, General Relativity is the first approximation for inside observers, but since the Universe is evolving we need to describe it by H, from the time perspective. So General Relativity is correct every instance of time, because the resulting instantaneous space is continuous, but when the outward time flows these instances will form a series of discrete states that should be described by Quantum Field Theory. If we combine these two descriptions properly, we should be able to eliminate singularities and infinities from General Relativity and Quantum Field Theory.

In other words, the whole homogeneous space forms a single point in the outer time, and our physical Universe is the dynamic combination of these two extreme states, denoted as space-time. This is the same postulated statement that the geometrical points are perpetually and sequentially fluctuating between 0 (for time) and c (for space), and no two points can be in the state of (existence in) space at the same real instance of time, so the points of space come into existence in one chronological sequence, and they can not last in this state for more than one single moment of time, thus they are being perpetually re-created.

Nonetheless, since it is not possible to accelerate a physical object (to make all its geometrical points) to move at the speed of creation c, one alternative way to reach this speed of light, and thus make a new spatial dimension, is to combine the two orthogonal states (c, 0) and (0, c), which is the same as matter-antimatter annihilation, and this is a reversible interaction that can be described by the following equation: (c, 0)+(0, c) <=> (c, c)+(0, 0).

In conclusion, we can distinguish three conclusive scenarios for the complex flow of time:

1. In our usual space-time where matter particles are described by (c, v), we are restricted by the normal arrow of time, because the outer imaginary time is always less that the real time.

2. In the orthogonal arrow of time, when the real time is smaller, from our perspective, the vacuum state is described by (0, c), which can be excited to (v, c) that describes the states of anti-matter.

3. When the outer and inner times are equal, we get the Euclidean space (c, c), which is equivalent to the initial vacuum state (c, 0), but with one higher spatial dimension. This, however, cannot happen by means of mechanical motion, but by combining the two orthogonal times, according to equation (c, 0)+(0, c) <=> (c, c)+(0, 0) that describes matter-antimatter annihilation.

Therefore, there are two orthogonal arrows of time (c, 0) and (0, c), that can combine and split between the states of (0, 0) and (c, c), which all together correspond to the four elemental states, or classical elements, whose quintessence is the Single Monad.



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I have no doubt that this is the most significant discovery in the history of mathematics, physics and philosophy, ever!

By revealing the mystery of the connection between discreteness and contintuity, this novel understanding of the complex (time-time) geometry, will cause a paradigm shift in our knowledge of the fundamental nature of the cosmos and its corporeal and incorporeal structures.

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Mohamed Haj Yousef


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The science of Time is a noble science, that reveals the secret of Eternity. Only the Elites of Sages may ever come to know this secret. It is called the First Age, or the Age of ages, from which time is emerging.
Ibn al-Arabi [The Meccan Revelations: Volume I, page 156. - Trns. Mohamed Haj Yousef]
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