DoT: The Duality of Time Postulate

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1. Introduction

   … us fields. The main result of the Duality of Time Theory is that vacuum is the real time, while our time is genuinely imaginary or latent to it, which makes it described as void. This vacuum-void duality is basically the same anci …

2. 1. Abstract:

   … lity problems. It will be also shown that the resulting physical vacuum is a perfect super-fluid that can account for dark matter and dark energy, and diminish the cosmological constant discrepancy by at least 117 orders of magnit …

3. 4. A Brief General Analysis:

   … ting space and matter. Therefore, the speed of light in complete vacuum is the speed of its dynamic formation, and it is undefined in its own reference frame (as it can be also inferred from the current understanding of time dilat …

4. 5.1. The Genuinely-Complex Time-Time Frame:

   … have any material reality, to differentiate it from the physical vacuum, which is the dynamic aether, or the ground state of matter. So, for void both the real and imaginary parts are null: , while for vacuum only the imaginary pa …

5. 5.2. The Two Arrows of Time:

   … n , from our perspective. In this case, the ground state of that vacuum would be , which describes anti-matter as we shall explain further in section 7.1, when we speak about super-symmetry and its breaking. Equivalently, the appa …

6. 5.3. General Relativity Approximation:

   … lity of Time Theory is “void”, which is an absolute mathematical vacuum that has no structure or reality, while also explaining how the physical vacuum is dynamically formed by simple chronological recurrence. So, apart from natur …

7. 5.4. Aether and the Cosmological Constant Problem:

   … be filling the otherwise empty space background which was called vacuum. With the new dynamic creation, however, those ideal properties can be explained, because aether is no longer something filling the vacuum, but it is vacuum i …

8. 5.5. Origin of Mass

   … mentary particles could arise from interaction with the physical vacuum, in a manner similar to the gap generation mechanism (Avdeenkov and Zloshchastiev, 2011; Dzhunushaliev and Zloshchastiev, 2013; Zloshchastiev, 2011). Moreover …

9. 6. Deriving the Principles of Special and General Relativity:

   … ecial Relativity in 1905 (Einstein, 2005). The speed of light in vacuum is then considered the maximum speed which anything in the Universe can attain. Photons, or massless particles, propagate in vacuum at this terminal speed, re …

10. 6.2. The Mass-Energy Equivalence Relation:

    … ated in 9. Actually, since we have shown previously that the new vacuum is a perfect super-fluid, the mass-energy equivalence relation can be easily derived from the equation of wave propagation in such perfect medium: (), but we …

11. Method I (abrupt change of speed in the inner time):

    … use it is an abrupt change, with only the two states of void and vacuum, corresponding to zero and , respectively, and since the change in the outward time is zero, and here we also consider , since the apparent velocity does not …

12. Method II (generating mass in the inner time):

    … amental mass generation mechanism in addition to its super-fluid vacuum state where mass can be generated via the interaction with this physical vacuum. Hence we can also arrive to the mass-energy equivalence relation directly fro …