II.4.8 Causality
On the other hand, since the whole Universe is self-contained in space, all changes in it are necessarily internal changes only, because it is a closed system. Therefore, any change in any part of the Universe will inevitably cause other synchronizing change(s) in other parts. In normal cases the effect of the ongoing process of cosmic re-creation is not noticeable because of the many possible changes that could happen in any part of the complex system, and the corresponding distraction of our limited means of attention and perception. This means that causality is no more directly related to space or even time; because the re-creation allows non-local and even non-temporal causal interactions.
In regular macroscopic situations, the perturbation causes gradual or smooth, but still discrete, motion or change; because of the vast number of neighboring individual points, so the effect of any perturbation will be limited to adjacent points, and will dissipate very quickly after short distance, when energy is consumed. This kind of apparent motion is limited by the speed of light, because the change can appear infinitesimally continuous in space.
In the special case when a small closed system is isolated as a small part of the Universe, and this isolation is not necessarily spatial isolation, as it is the case of the two entangled particles in the EPR, then the effect of any perturbation will appear instantaneous because it will be transferred only through a small number of points, irrespective of their positions in space, or even in time.