Islamic Calligraphy

DUALITY OF TIME:

Complex-Time Geometry and Perpetual Creation of Space

by Mohamed Haj Yousef



Search Inside this Book


2.4  Parmenides and Oneness


Away from observations and physical cosmology, Parmenides (in the late 6th or early 5th century BC) was the first philosopher to question the nature of existence itself, challenging the previous theories and establishing the “Eleatic School” of philosophers who employed a method of axiomatic deductive arguments to justify their views that realty is one unchanging entity, and that multiplicity, motion and change are deceptive phenomena. Some of his famous successors in this metaphysical doctrine include: Zeno, Melissus and Xenophanes.

In his single renowned work, a poem called “On Nature”, survived only in fragmentary form, Parmenides described his dual view of reality: “the Way of Truth” and “the Way of Opinion”. In the first view, he explained that reality is one and unchanging, and existence is timeless and uniform, unlike what we normally observe in the world of appearances where our sensory faculties lead to conceptions which are false and deceitful, hence the second view. This led Democritus (460-370 BC) and other physicists to propose the atomic theory of matter, to contradict these arguments.

Parmenides attempted to distinguish between the reality of the unity of nature and its unreal variety or multiplicity. He had immense influence on Plato, who named a dialog after his name, and always spoke of him with veneration. In effect, Parmenides’ monistic views were deeply characterized in the whole history of Western philosophy, and he is often seen as its grandfather. In “Nature and the Greeks”, Erwin Schroedinger identified Parmenides’ monad of “the Way of Truth” as being the conscious self Schrödinger (2014), which was an important part of the development of Quantum Mechanics according to some interpretations, as we shall describe in chapter III.

However, Parmenides was not able to convince other prominent philosophers, such as Socrates and Aristotle, so his student Zeno tried again by reformulating the same argument in terms of what to become known as Zeno’s paradoxes, that can be considered the first thought experiments in which he demonstrated the deficiency of both the discretuum and continuum views. As we shall discuss his paradoxes in section 5, Zeno basically showed that both views will inevitably lead to infinity problems, which was in fact the main motivation that eventually lead to the development of calculus by both Newton and Leibniz (see also sections 16 and 14.

As we have also explained in a previous book Haj Yousef (2017), there exists some remarkable correspondence between the metaphysical views of Parmenides and Ibn al-Arabi. Parmenides’ philosophy of monism, together with the complex and rigorous adaptation of his hypotheses in Plato’s Parmenides, constantly elaborated by the later Neo-Platonists (as will be reviewed in section 6), offer even closer analogies to Ibn al-Arabi’s overall ontological system, especially what came to be called later as the oneness of being, that led to the Single Monad Model of the Cosmos. One of the main principles of this eccentric cosmological model is the “Re-creation Principle” which postulates that the cosmos is being re-created every instance of time by the Single Monad, which alone may be described by real continuous existence, while everything else are various forms, or temporal imagery monads, brought into existence by this Single Monad that takes only one form at a time. Despite the apparent undeniable multiplicity of monads or forms, their existence ceases in the second instance after their becoming, and is perpetually replaced by other, usually analogous, forms. Therefore, Duality of Time, that results from the Single Monad Model, can be thought of as a mathematical formulation of the Ibn al-Arabi’s Oneness of Being, which is essentially the same as Parmenides’ monism that he expressed through his dual view of existence.

Our knowledge of Parmenides’ philosophy, however, proceeded mainly from the existing fragments of his poem, in addition to later commentaries and interpretations by some of his students and critics, including Zeno, Plato and Aristotle. If we have access to his original teachings, which may have been mostly oral, he would surely have explained to us how the false and deceitful multiplicity emerged from the unity of nature. The same can be said regarding Zeno’s lost book of paradoxes (that will be discussed in section 5).

Fortunately, however, we do have access to the most important works of Ibn al-Arabi, spanning hundreds of books and tens of thousands of pages, even in their original forms, in his own hand writing, in addition to the various extensive interpretations offered by his direct followers and close students. Nevertheless, Ibn al-Arabi’s outstanding philosophy has not been yet given the required attention, mainly because of the difficult symbolic language he habitually used, in addition to the fact that he intentionally scattered his controversial conceptions over his many works and in different contexts within his magnum opus, the Meccan Revelations, and other shorter books and treatises.

For this reason, we want in the following to explain further the paradoxes of Zeno, and show that they can not be resolved without the framework of Ibn al-Arabi’s Single Monad Model, that is actually in full correspondence with monistic doctrine of Zeno and his teacher Parmenides. More detailed discussion can be found in the chapter entitled: “Zeno’s Paradoxes and the Reality of Motion According to Ibn al-Arabi’s Single Monad Model of the Cosmos” of the previous cited book Haj Yousef (2017).



  previous page

contents

next page  

Read Other Books:

Single Monad Model of the Cosmos
The Single Monad Model of the Cosmos: Ibn Arabi's View of Time and Creation
The Duality of Time Theory
The Duality of Time Theory: Complex-Time Geometry and Perpertual Creation of Space
The Duality of Time Theory
The Ultimate Symmetry: Fractal Complex-Time and Quantum Gravity
The Chest of Time
The Chest of Time: Particle-Wave Duality: from Time Confinement to Space Transcendence

Read this short concise exploration of the Duality of Time Postulate:

he Duality of Time Postulate
DoT: The Duality of Time Postulate and Its Consequences on General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics

Other Pages Related to Search Keywords:

  • ... Monadology =>:

  • ... Space Transcendence Read this short concise exploration of the Duality of Time Postulate: DoT: The Duality of Time Postulate and Its Consequences on General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics ...


  • ... Durrat Al =>:

  • ... sted.” Several other paradoxes from this philosophical school are known, but their modern interpretation is more speculative Needham (1959). Similarly, at the end of his short book al-Durrat al-Bayda (“The White Pearl”; another symbolic name of the Single Monad), Ibn al-A ...


  • ... Short Book =>:

  • ... l not be exhausted.” Several other paradoxes from this philosophical school are known, but their modern interpretation is more speculative Needham (1959). Similarly, at the end of his SHORT BOOK al-Durrat al-Bayda (“The White Pearl”; another symbolic name of the Single Mo ...


  • ... White Pearl =>:

  • ... aradoxes from this philosophical school are known, but their modern interpretation is more speculative Needham (1959). Similarly, at the end of his short book al-Durrat al-Bayda (“The White Pearl”; another symbolic name of the Single Monad), Ibn al-Arabi wonders how people do n ...


  • ... Simple Logic =>:

  • ... usion of motion and space. He says that everything that moves does not move in occupied space, thus the thing may not move into a new place until this new place is emptied in advance. So by SIMPLE LOGIC , this false assumption would lead to the conclusion that the result of an action would ...


  • ... Quantum System =>:

  • ... ower Zeno, the phenomena of movement and change are simply recurring appearances of a changeless eternal reality. More recently, some physicists discovered that the dynamical evolution of a QUANTUM SYSTEM can be hindered or inhibited through observation. This effect is usually called the ...


  • ... Arabi Wonders =>:

  • ... erpretation is more speculative Needham (1959). Similarly, at the end of his short book al-Durrat al-Bayda (“The White Pearl”; another symbolic name of the Single Monad), Ibn al-Arabi wonders how people do not so easily realize the delusion of motion and space. He says that eve ...


  • ... Occupied Space =>:

  • ... ; another symbolic name of the Single Monad), Ibn al-Arabi wonders how people do not so easily realize the delusion of motion and space. He says that everything that moves does not move in OCCUPIED SPACE , thus the thing may not move into a new place until this new place is emptied in adva ...


  • ... Easily Realize =>:

  • ... dham (1959). Similarly, at the end of his short book al-Durrat al-Bayda (“The White Pearl”; another symbolic name of the Single Monad), Ibn al-Arabi wonders how people do not so EASILY REALIZE the delusion of motion and space. He says that everything that moves does not move in ...


  • ... Philosophical School =>:

  • ... h states, in the archaic ancient Chinese script, “a one-foot stick, every day take away half of it, in a myriad ages it will not be exhausted.” Several other paradoxes from this PHILOSOPHICAL SCHOOL are known, but their modern interpretation is more speculative Needham (1959). ...


  • ... Zeno Effect =>:

  • ... More recently, some physicists discovered that the dynamical evolution of a quantum system can be hindered or inhibited through observation. This effect is usually called the “quantum Zeno effect” because it is strongly reminiscent of Zeno’s arrow paradox. In the field o ...


  • ... Quantum Zeno =>:

  • ... eality. More recently, some physicists discovered that the dynamical evolution of a quantum system can be hindered or inhibited through observation. This effect is usually called the “quantum Zeno effect” because it is strongly reminiscent of Zeno’s arrow paradox. In the ...


Welcome to the Single Monad Model of the Cosmos and Duality of Time Theory
Forgot Password? - [Register]

Message from the Author:

I have no doubt that this is the most significant discovery in the history of mathematics, physics and philosophy, ever!

By revealing the mystery of the connection between discreteness and contintuity, this novel understanding of the complex (time-time) geometry, will cause a paradigm shift in our knowledge of the fundamental nature of the cosmos and its corporeal and incorporeal structures.

Enjoy reading...

Mohamed Haj Yousef


Check this detailed video presentation on "Deriving the Principles of Special, General and Quantum Relativity Based on the Single Monad Model Cosmos and Duality of Time Theory".

Download the Book "DOT: The Duality of Time Postulate and Its Consequences on General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics" or: READ ONLINE .....>>>>



Subsribe to Newsletter:


As a result of the original divine manifestation, all kinds of motions are driven by Love and Passion. Who could possibly not instantly fall in love with this perfect and most beautiful harmony! Beauty is desirable for its own essence, and if the Exalted (Real) did not manifest in the form of beauty, the World would not have appeared out into existence.
paraphrased from: Ibn al-Arabi [The Meccan Revelations: II.677.12 - trsn. Mohamed Haj Yousef]
quote