Assumptions, results and research status
A guided entrance to the hydrogen research programme.
One atom connects the main questions
The Single Monad Model of the Cosmos and Duality of Time Theory ask how spatially extended, persistent physical systems can arise through a common generative process. Hydrogen gives that question a precise focus: how can a proton and an electron form a normalizable state with a characteristic size, a spectrum of energies and consistent responses to observation?
This section follows the proposed connection in stages. It introduces inner generation and outer completion, states the effective atomic model, develops its consequences, and identifies the extra mathematical work needed to connect those consequences to a single SMM/DTT source. The goal is a derivation that another reader can inspect and reproduce. [Hydrogen synthesis]
You can begin with the physical ideas, work through the mathematical derivations, or investigate a particular open problem. The reading paths explain the prerequisites and destinations of each route. The local glossary keeps the atomic and temporal vocabulary close at hand.
Start with quantities that can be calculated
A useful atomic model does more than describe a pattern. It specifies a state space, an energy operator, the interaction and the measurements. Within the nonrelativistic Coulomb model, one can prove the ground-state energy, normalize its wavefunction, calculate its radial probabilities and derive the gross energy spectrum. Those calculations are developed in the articles, with intermediate steps and worked examples. [Hydrogen II]
aμ = ℏ/(μcα), En = −μc²α²/(2n²)μ = memp/(me + mp). These are consequences of the declared Coulomb Hamiltonian. Its derivation from temporal source dynamics is a separate research problem.
The four explorers connect these equations to their consequences. Choose an energy interval, inspect the probability inside a sphere, vary a declared coupling, or compare several transitions generated by the same hypothetical level shift. Each explorer records the approximation and input conventions used.
From temporal constitution to an atomic Hamiltonian
In the SMM/DTT interpretation, the six inner generative levels are nested roles in the construction leading to an outer completed observation. They are not six additional observable time coordinates. An atomic explanation must connect the resulting records to a physical separation, a clock reading and a state that can propagate or interact.
The central bridge is therefore constructive: obtain the appropriate state space and effective interaction from a specified temporal update. Neutral charge characters or opposite constituent phases can constrain a construction, but an attractive potential and a stable bound state require further results. The Coulomb-emergence article makes those requirements explicit. [Hydrogen I]
The familiar spectrum then becomes a stringent consistency check. If a proposed construction also supplies a correction, the same corrected levels must explain every interval in which they appear. This requirement guides the discussion of differential comparisons.
Read the status of each result
Each article identifies its assumptions, its mathematical result and its principal remaining question. Established atomic physics supplies the benchmark; the temporal interpretation explains the proposed physical picture; conditional theorems identify what follows from an explicit model; and open problems identify the work needed for stronger source-level claims.
The research-status page brings those distinctions together. The reference library provides the supplied working manuscripts alongside journal records, standard references and links to existing SMONAD material. Website explanations and original papers have separate citations so that readers can identify the source of a particular claim.
I welcome collaboration with experts in physics, mathematics and philosophy. The collaboration page sets out focused questions, suggested contributions and ways to join the research conversation.
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25 guides and explorers
Start and navigate
Choose a path through the hydrogen atom
Beginner, mathematical and research reading routes through hydrogen in SMM/DTT, with prerequisites, checkpoints and interactive exercises.
Read the guide →Hydrogen and temporal-model glossary
Forty linked definitions for hydrogen, quantum states, atomic scales and the SMM/DTT temporal research programme.
Read the guide →Questions about hydrogen in SMM/DTT
Twenty detailed answers about atomic structure, temporal levels, 137, wavefunctions, spectra, correction models and collaboration.
Read the guide →Hydrogen reference library
Working manuscripts, atomic-physics references, and existing SMONAD derivations used in the hydrogen section.
Read the guide →Hydrogen section updates and RSS
Follow new hydrogen articles, interactive calculations, source notes and mathematical developments through the section RSS feed and research blog.
Read the guide →Temporal foundations
Hydrogen as a persistent temporal structure
Follow the SMM/DTT proposal from six nested inner generative levels to an observable atomic state, with explicit records, clocks, probability, and preparation.
Read the guide →Proton, electron, neutrality, and binding
Separate charge cancellation, phase compatibility, two-body kinematics, and physical binding in the SMM/DTT hydrogen construction.
Read the guide →Mathematical derivations
From temporal records to the Coulomb Hamiltonian
State the central SMM/DTT hydrogen correspondence precisely: derive a common kinetic operator, inverse-distance response, physical normalization, and controlled continuum limit.
Read the guide →The hydrogen ground state: a complete worked derivation
Derive the exact scalar Coulomb ground state using a global energy bound, normalize its wavefunction, and calculate its radial probability, moments, and reduced-mass scales.
Read the guide →Quantum numbers and the hydrogen state space
Derive the principal, angular, and magnetic labels from the Coulomb equation, explain degeneracy and nodes, and separate energy intervals from allowed transitions.
Read the guide →Alpha, atomic size, binding energy, and motion
Connect the Coulomb coupling to reduced-mass radius, binding, and relative RMS speed, while separating structural integers, reference constants, and independent predictions.
Read the guide →Twelve worked hydrogen exercises
Work through normalization, probability, energy bounds, quantum numbers, scale relations and consistent spectral corrections, with expandable solutions.
Read the guide →Spectra and corrections
Hydrogen energy levels: from the Coulomb equation to spectral series
Derive the gross hydrogen spectrum, understand quantum numbers and series limits, and see exactly what a temporal source model must reproduce.
Read the guide →Selection rules: why some hydrogen transitions emit light and others do not
Derive the electric-dipole selection rules, calculate a hydrogen matrix element, and distinguish energy intervals, allowed channels, rates, and two-photon processes.
Read the guide →Hydrogen fine structure: relativistic motion, spin, and contact response
Calculate the leading fine-structure operator, the n = 2 splitting, and the precise correspondence a temporal model of spin and propagation must establish.
Read the guide →The Lamb shift: radiative structure and the DTT coefficient problem
Explain what the Lamb shift measures, derive a controlled auxiliary-state example, and identify the loop, normalization, nuclear, and shared-level calculations required of SMM/DTT.
Read the guide →Hyperfine structure and isotopes: what the nucleus contributes
Work through reduced-mass isotope shifts, proton and deuteron spin coupling, magnetic contact interactions, and the limits of transferring a hydrogen model to related atoms.
Read the guide →Research and collaboration
Differential hydrogen tests: when a spectral pattern can identify a mechanism
Build shared level corrections, enforce transition-cycle identities, derive a valid holonomy response map, and test whether a proposed DTT pattern can be separated from conventional parameters.
Read the guide →Reproducible hydrogen calculations: inputs, units, uncertainty, and independence
Reproduce the reference Coulomb calculation, distinguish measured and source-derived inputs, propagate correlated uncertainty, and document the exact meaning of a claimed hydrogen prediction.
Read the guide →What is established, conditional and still open?
A detailed status map for hydrogen in SMM/DTT: exact Coulomb results, temporal correspondence targets, constants, radiative corrections and next calculations.
Read the guide →Collaborate on the hydrogen programme
An invitation to experts in physics, mathematics and philosophy to develop the hydrogen model, source dynamics, correspondence theorems and interpretation of SMM/DTT.
Read the guide →Interactive explorers
Explore hydrogen energy levels and spectral intervals
Choose two states, calculate their gross energy interval, and distinguish a frequency from an allowed radiative channel.
Open the explorer →Explore the hydrogen wavefunction and radial probability
Compare probability density, radial probability, and the probability contained within a sphere.
Open the explorer →Explore coupling, atomic size, and binding energy
Vary a declared coupling and nuclear mass to see how linked atomic quantities respond together.
Open the explorer →Explore shared level shifts and differential intervals
See how a single hypothetical correction to each state constrains several spectral intervals.
Open the explorer →Sources for this guide
Source manuscripts, version notes, and standard references are listed in the reference library.

