1.2.3 Single Electron Transport
My outstanding story with what is “single” goes back to Cambridge in 1990, as I was studying Electron Transport in Free-Standing GaAs Nano-Wires. Using what was then the state-of-the-art electron beam lithography techniques that could make micro structures on semiconductor crystals, I was trying to find the optimal conditions to fabricate these wires by etching GaAs chips in Nitric Acid solutions for a certain amount of time. As I was changing the width of wires to find the suitable dimensions that make them free-standing without breaking down, I noticed that the conducting nano-wire could be made so narrow that only few atoms are physically connecting between the sides of the bulk material. It was not very difficult then to predict that under such circumstances it is possible to make electrons pass through the wire, one single electron at a time, which allows quantum tunneling at room temperature, because of the guaranteed coherence. I quickly submitted this observation, with some demonstration figures, to the supervisor, who showed great interest in this discovery and promised to discuss it with other leading theoretical physicists from Imperial College in London.
However, it happened afterwards that I went to Germany for few months, and then to Syria where one of my friends showed interest in studying at Cavendish Laboratory so he brought to me the new graduate prospectus to help him choose from the trending research topics in microelectronics. To my surprise and astonishment, a new group of researchers was formed by the ex-supervisor to work on the subject of “Single-Electron Transport” on which they published many pioneering articles without ever mentioning my name!
Therefore, I think it is not by chance at all that, after ten years of this great disappointment, my new research at the University of Exeter lead to the “Single Monad Model” on which this theory of the Duality of Time is based. This was actually symbolically revealed to me in a dream straight after that story, and I am realizing now that the additional ten years after publishing the first book on this subject were to my advantage, to allow some time the Single Monad Model to spread. The same older idea of quantum tunneling between the two sides of the nano-wire is also operating here in the Duality of Time and perpetual creation of space, but this time it came from the most fundamental fields of physics, because they are both related to the intrinsic quantum structure of space that is perpetually being re-created at the speed of light, which makes every geometrical point like a quantum dot, or quantum bit that is oscillating between zero and the speed of light. This will lead to the theory of quantum information and quantum gravity as we shall see in chapters V and VI.